Holidays April 3
Vodopol
Vodopol or Vodyany’s name day is a very ancient holiday, its roots stretch to the distant pagan Russia. According to legend, on April 3, all aquatic animals (Water, mermaids and other mythical creatures) awaken after hibernation. Especially revered in Russia, the grandfather-Vodyanogo, to whom people dedicated several rites on that day, so that he could gain strength for further control of the water kingdom. The people came to the river with fishing rods in order to appease and regale the "water lord." And a treat for him was an old, unfit for work horse. Such nags were sacrificed to Vodyaniy every year so that he would not send drowning and storms to the villages, and also contributed to better fishing.
Many pamper Vodyanoy and other gifts, for example, vegetable oil. He was poured into the river and at the same time sentenced: "Here you are, grandfather, keep the gifts for housewarming. Love and pity our family ...". Soon, peasants expected an ice drift and a rapid flood of rivers. There was even a belief on this score: if the ice does not touch the Vodopol, it means that there will be few fish in the spring.
April 3 on the folk calendar
Cyril Katanik
On April 3, the Orthodox world commemorates the holy Bishop Cyril of Catan. The monk lived in Sicily at the turn of the century.
Later Cyril was popularly called Katanik. In the nickname, as it was supposed, a completely different meaning was invested - April 3 was the last day when people could ride a sled from melting slides. In the evening, the sled was cleaned, lubricated and cleaned until the next winter. And the crying children explained that the sled was carried off by Katanik. Valenoks were also removed, replaced with birch bark bast shoes. In general, bast shoes did not protect the feet from getting wet and, therefore, from colds. Massive spring fever began.
Among other things, it was forbidden to look at Cyril Katanik (like Leo Katanik) in the night sky, so as not to see a shooting star. She, in turn, portended a serious illness or big trouble in the family.
Historical events of April 3
April 3, 1860 - Opening of the Pony Express transcontinental postal service in the USA
The Pony Express service operated between the two cities, St. Joseph and Sacramento. Staff from several couriers worked tirelessly. Regardless of the time of day or weather, they transported mail weighing almost a centner, stocking up with the necessary equipment, food and water. For protection they took revolvers and hunting knives. Mail was transported in special containers that were locked. The keys, as a rule, were not taken with you; they were in the starting and receiving points.
Strong couriers were usually taken to the courier service, ready to take a certain risk. After all, you never know what can wait for them on the road. Payment was small, about a hundred dollars a month. However, there were a lot of people who wanted to get a postal courier, but this is only at the beginning. Soon, due to frequent gangster attacks, as well as the development of a more modern level of mail, the Pony Express company was disbanded. In 1861, it was announced the termination of its postal activities.
April 3, 1879 - Sofia was proclaimed the capital of Bulgaria
Sofia is a city rich in history, founded about seven thousand years ago. It is one of Europe's oldest and busiest centers. By its location, the city connected the West and the East. Over the years, he repeatedly changed his name. In the 9th century, Sofia was one of the largest feudal cities and it was called Sredets. And the Bulgarian capital received the modern "name" in the 14th century in honor of Hagia Sophia.
Like the whole country, Sofia was under the influence of the Ottoman Empire. During the years of domination, the city became the most important administrative center of the country, and soon - the founder of the liberation movement. As a result of the war that erupted in 1877-1878, Bulgaria freed itself from the Turkish yoke and was forced to choose the capital. After some deliberation, the country chose Sofia. The decisive role in the choice was played by the economically advantageous location of the city, and in 1879 the State Assembly proclaimed Sofia the capital of Bulgaria. From that moment on, the fast-paced process of restoration and construction of new structures began in the newly minted capital.
April 3, 1933 - The world's first kidney transplant operation performed
The world's first kidney transplant operation was performed by Russian surgeon Yuri Voronoi. The patient was a 26-year-old woman who was admitted with acute renal failure. A transplanted donor kidney taken from a man who died on that day entered the bloodstream and began to function in the correct mode, however, after two days, the woman's body rejected the implanted organ, and the patient died. The subsequent series of similar operations led to the same result - all patients died due to immunological organ rejection.
Nevertheless, the significance of the operation was colossal, it showed that a person is able to live with donor organs. There was one more step in solving this difficult task - to learn how to "disable" immunity during rehabilitation. After all, it is he who is the key link in the rejection of the implanted tissues and organs. However, with the development of immunology, medicine has found a way out of a seemingly deadlock situation.
Born on April 3
- Matvey Mudrov (born in 1776) - one of the founders of the clinical school, the founder of scientific medicine. Adherent of leech therapy. In 1809, Mudrov became a professor at the Medical and Surgical Academy, and a few years later he introduced the concept and developed a methodology for the scientific questioning of patients, as well as compiling a medical history and a study scheme for patients. In addition, he was one of the first to put forward the theory that some diseases can develop “on a nervous basis”. Later, this theory was confirmed by clinical studies.
- Valentin Dikul (born in 1948) - an outstanding circus artist, developer of a rehabilitation technique for the treatment of patients with various injuries of the back and spinal cord. On such a crucial matter, he was prompted by his own injury and almost complete immobility, but Dikul did not give up. After a few years, the artist not only got on his feet, but was also able to return to the circus arena, thereby winning the location of many followers.
- Vadim Kozin (born in 1903) - singer, idol of the public of the 30s. In solo programs he performed up to forty songs. Here are some of his romances: “Misty Morning”, “My Bonfire”, “Three Postage Rushing”, “Friendship”, etc.
- Eddie Murphy (born in 1961) - American actor of the comedy genre. Murphy was born in the family of a policeman, at the age of eight, adults noticed his comic abilities, and by the age of 15, Eddie began to earn good money thanks to his bright talent, speaking in various clubs. At 19 he broke into television in the then-popular humorous show. So they noticed him, and Murphy moved to the big screen. His best works were roles in the films “Beverly Hills Police Officer”, “Golden Child”, “Vampire in Brooklyn”, “Nutty Professor”, “Doctor Dullittle” and many others.
April 3
April 3 birthday is celebrated: Agapia, Maria, Irina, Pankrat, Vladimir, Ivan, Domnin, Cyril, Seraphim, Thomas, Filimon, Jacob.
